Tropical Cyclone Pam hit Vanuatu and surrounds in March 2015. The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) led the Australian response, which also involved significant Defence engagement and the substantial use of military assets. This model is increasingly the way Australia will respond to humanitarian crises in the Pacific. The response efforts entailed swift action from Australian international aid and development organisations, raising over $17 million in public appeals which provided a range of humanitarian support including water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH); emergency food and livelihoods; shelter; non-food items; gender; protection; and education in emergencies programs.