This report explores the different roles, responsibilities and interactions of a range of agencies working at the civilian-military interface across an ever-expanding suite of biological threats in Fiji. It combines material drawn from an ongoing review of the literature with information gleaned from interviews conducted with key Fijian stakeholders working with agencies that have a role or responsibility in preparing for and responding to biological threats. It also draws on perspectives raised by these stakeholders in a national workshop conducted in Suva in the last week of May 2022 to discuss some initial findings of this project